abp-multi-tenancy

---
name: abp-multi-tenancy
description: ABP Multi-Tenancy - IMultiTenant interface, CurrentTenant, CurrentTenant.Change(), DataFilter.Disable(IMultiTenant), tenant resolution order, database-per-tenant. Use when working with multi-tenant features, tenant-specific data isolation, or switching tenant context.
---

# ABP Multi-Tenancy

> **Docs**: https://abp.io/docs/latest/framework/architecture/multi-tenancy

## Making Entities Multi-Tenant

Implement `IMultiTenant` interface to make entities tenant-aware:

```csharp
public class Product : AggregateRoot<Guid>, IMultiTenant
{
    public Guid? TenantId { get; set; } // Required by IMultiTenant

    public string Name { get; private set; }
    public decimal Price { get; private set; }

    protected Product() { }

    public Product(Guid id, string name, decimal price) : base(id)
    {
        Name = name;
        Price = price;
        // TenantId is automatically set from CurrentTenant.Id
    }
}
```

**Key points:**
- `TenantId` is **nullable** - `null` means entity belongs to Host
- ABP **automatically filters** queries by current tenant
- ABP **automatically sets** `TenantId` when creating entities

## Accessing Current Tenant

Use `CurrentTenant` property (available in base classes) or inject `ICurrentTenant`:

```csharp
public class ProductAppService : ApplicationService
{
    public async Task DoSomethingAsync()
    {
        // Available from base class
        var tenantId = CurrentTenant.Id;        // Guid? - null for host
        var tenantName = CurrentTenant.Name;    // string?
        var isAvailable = CurrentTenant.IsAvailable; // true if Id is not null
    }
}

// In other services
public class MyService : ITransientDependency
{
    private readonly ICurrentTenant _currentTenant;
    public MyService(ICurrentTenant currentTenant) => _currentTenant = currentTenant;
}
```

## Switching Tenant Context

Use `CurrentTenant.Change()` to temporarily switch tenant (useful in host context):

```csharp
public class ProductManager : DomainService
{
    private readonly IRepository<Product, Guid> _productRepository;

    public async Task<long> GetProductCountAsync(Guid? tenantId)
    {
        // Switch to specific tenant
        using (CurrentTenant.Change(tenantId))
        {
            return await _productRepository.GetCountAsync();
        }
        // Automatically restored to previous tenant after using block
    }

    public async Task DoHostOperationAsync()
    {
        // Switch to host context
        using (CurrentTenant.Change(null))
        {
            // Operations here are in host context
        }
    }
}
```

> **Important**: Always use `Change()` with a `using` statement.

## Disabling Multi-Tenant Filter

To query all tenants' data (only works with single database):

```csharp
public class ProductManager : DomainService
{
    public async Task<long> GetAllProductCountAsync()
    {
        // DataFilter is available from base class
        using (DataFilter.Disable<IMultiTenant>())
        {
            return await _productRepository.GetCountAsync();
            // Returns count from ALL tenants
        }
    }
}
```

> **Note**: This doesn't work with separate databases per tenant.

## Database Architecture Options

| Approach | Description | Use Case |
|----------|-------------|----------|
| Single Database | All tenants share one database | Simple, cost-effective |
| Database per Tenant | Each tenant has dedicated database | Data isolation, compliance |
| Hybrid | Mix of shared and dedicated | Flexible, premium tenants |

Connection strings are configured per tenant in Tenant Management module.

## Best Practices

1. **Always implement `IMultiTenant`** for tenant-specific entities
2. **Never manually filter by `TenantId`** - ABP does it automatically
3. **Don't change `TenantId` after creation** - it moves entity between tenants
4. **Use `Change()` scope carefully** - nested scopes are supported
5. **Test both host and tenant contexts** - ensure proper data isolation
6. **Consider nullable `TenantId`** - entity may be host-only or shared

## Enabling Multi-Tenancy

```csharp
Configure<AbpMultiTenancyOptions>(options =>
{
    options.IsEnabled = true; // Enabled by default in ABP templates
});
```

Check `MultiTenancyConsts.IsEnabled` in your solution for centralized control.

## Tenant Resolution

ABP resolves current tenant from (in order):
1. Current user's claims
2. Query string (`?__tenant=...`)
3. Route (`/{__tenant}/...`)
4. HTTP header (`__tenant`)
5. Cookie (`__tenant`)
6. Domain/subdomain (if configured)

For subdomain-based resolution:
```csharp
Configure<AbpTenantResolveOptions>(options =>
{
    options.AddDomainTenantResolver("{0}.mydomain.com");
});
```